Текст
Прочтите и переведите текст. Новые слова.
In North America slavery existed in the southern states until
1865, while in the northern states there was no slavery at
that time. Negro slaves who lived in the South often wanted
to escape to the North. To do so (1), they
had to have conductors. These conductors usually were other
slaves, who had escaped.
They organized a system called the Underground Railroad.
It was not really a railroad, as the slaves had to walk all
the way. It was not even a road, bur a system under which
the Negroes were able to escape across the Mason and Dixon
line (2) into the free states. There were
"stations" on the "underground", often
in the homes of white people who were helping the slaves.
In 1850, however, a cruel law was passed (3)
under which escaped slaves were to be returned to their former
owners.
You will now read ant article about one of these courageous
conductors. It is a life story of a remarkable woman called
Harriet ['hxriqt] Tubman ['tAbmqn].
Harriet Tubman was the most courageous and best conductor
on the dangerous Underground Railroad. She never lost a "passenger".
As long as the North Star shone, she said she could lead any
party of slaves to the northern states.
The Underground Railroad, as you know, was a wonderfully
connected secret road by which slaves escaped to freedom.
In may places, good friends, both Negro and white, gave them
food and money and helped them on their way.
To be a conductor was the most dangerous job of all, because
in leading other slaves to freedom the conductors might lose
their own lives (4). Harriet Tubman went
back nineteen times and led hundreds of people to freedom.
When Harriet was only five years old, she already had to
work hard in the fields under the hot sun of the South, and
was beaten cruelly, as all the slaves were.
One night she ran away and slowly made her way up North (5).
This is now she felt when she reached the Mason and Dixon
line: "When I found I had crossed that line, I looked
at my hands to see if I was the same person. There was such
a glory over everything. The sun came like gold through the
trees, and I felt as if I was in heaven".
Harriet Tubman decided to help as many of her brothers and
sisters to freedom (6) as she could. So
she worked hard to earn money and every time she had saved
up a little, she went back and brought some more slaves out
of the South.
Many times she was in great danger and was nearly caught.
Once she came face to face with her former owner. She had
two chickens in her arms. Quickly she dropped the chickens,
and as they ran about, Harriet bent her head and ran after
them, as if she wanted to catch them.
The owner could not see her face and she got away safely.
Such a loved leader was Harriet Tubman that she was called
"General Tubman".
Harriet Tubman worked all her life to help win full freedom
for the Negro people. This small, very courageous woman died
at 93 (7). Her name is know all over the
world as one of the greatest of American women.
Примечания
(1) to do so - чтобы сделать это (инфинитив
выражает обстоятельство цели)
(2) Mason ['meisn]
and Dixon ['diksn] line - "линия
Мейсона и Диксона", граница между северными и южными
штатами, проходящая по 30°43'19" северной широты. Названа
так по имени двух английских астрономов,| определивших эту
линию в 1763-1767 гг.
(3) a law was passed - был принят закон
(ср. прошел закон). Основное значение to pass - проходить,
передавать.
(4) lives [laivz] - множ. число от существительного
life жизнь
(5) made her way up North - добралась до
севера
(6) to help ... to freedom - помочь получить
свободу
(7) at 93 - в 93 года (в возрасте)
Анализ слов
В этом уроке сравнительно немного международных слов и еще
меньше таких, где смысл русских и английских слов совпадает
полностью. Приближается к ним слово conductor, образованное
из conduct проводить, вести и суффикса -or. Но русское слово
кондуктор имеет очень ограниченное значение, в то время как
conductor - это проводник в широком смысле, в том числе в
физике: Iron is a good conductor. Железо - хороший проводник.
Прилагательное safe безопасный вошло в русский язык как сейф.
По своему облику слова money, story, brother, sister, cross,
to beat имеют нечто общее с русскими словами монета, история,
брат, сестра, крест, бить, хотя сходство между beat и бить
случайное. Корень cross вы встречали уже в слове across сквозь,
через, поперек (урок 15),
т.е. крест-накрест, крестообразно. Не мешает вспомнить спортивный
термин кросс, а также слово crossword кроссворд, где вам известны
оба элемента: cross пересекать, крест и word слово (в кроссворде,
как вы знаете, слова расположены крестообразно).
Существительное railroad возникло путем сложения основ rail
рельс road дорога. Из урока
5 вы знаете синоним этого слова - railway.
Наречие hard с трудом, тяжело сравните с прилагательным hard
твердый, жесткий (урок 10).
По основному значению глагол to love любить совпадает с глаголом
to like (урок 8), но
последний глагол менее эмоционален и приближается к русскому
нравиться. Сравните, например. We love our Motherland Мы любим
нашу Родину и I like this story Мне нравится этот рассказ.
Глагол to save спасать связан общим корнем с прилагательным safe безопасный,
о котором мы только что говорили. Dangerous и wonderfully образованы с помощью известных вам суффиксов
от danger опасность и wonder чудо.
|
Ключевые слова:óðîêè àíãëèéñêîãî
